Neck Game

why do scars hurt

i found a couple different possible answers from this website: http://ask.metafilter.com/53267/4-month-old-scar-still-hurts

The first reason could be an infection got trapped under the skin as it healed and it is still stuck in the area of the scar. Another reason could be (depending on how deep the wound was) that the outer layers healed normally and look fine but underneath the deeper layers are still trying to sort themselves out and heal, which would mess with your nerves causing the pain.

do steriods build chondrocytes??

I have researched this topic for the past couple of days and could not find the exact answer, I have come up with the following answer though. Chondrocytes(cells found in cartilage) will break down if steriods are injected because when steriods are injected to the body it actually breaks down the ligaments. So my answer to this question would have to be a no because they would actually break down the ligaments. Here is where i found most of my answers... http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1880054/

-Mazric: period 2

4. Why doesn't red and yellow marrow mix?

There are two types of bone marrow: red marrow (consisting mainly of myeloid tissue) and yellow marrow (consisting mainly of fat cells). Red blood cells, platelets and most white blood cells arise in red marrow. Both types of bone marrow contain numerous blood vessels and capillaries.

At birth, all bone marrow is red. With age, more and more of it is converted to the yellow type. About half of adult bone marrow is red. Red marrow is found mainly in the flat bones, such as the hip bone, breast bone, skull, ribs, vertebrae and shoulder blades, and in the cancellousepiphyseal ends of the long bones such as the femur and humerus. Yellow marrow is found in the hollow interior of the middle portion of long bones. (“spongy”) material at the

In cases of severe blood periods, the body can convert yellow marrow back to red marrow to increase blood cell production

http://adrianasassoon.wordpress.com/tag/red-marrow/

1. What causes melanomas to turn black?

Answer: The melanoma tumor has the beginning in the melanocytes ( how we learned ...cyte = ...cell ) so this are melanocells. The brown or black color comes from these cells, which often just don't stop to produce melanin ( melanin is the reason for our usually skin color). 

Lennart Simon
http://www.metrohealth.org/body.cfm?id=1636

Why We Cry

What happens when you cry, exactly? A salty fluid chock full of protein, water, mucus and oil is released from the lacrimal gland in the upper, outer region of your eye. This fluid, better known as tears, then flows down the surface of your eye, across your face and smears your mascara.

• Basal tears are omnipresent in our eyes. These constant tears are what keep our eyes from drying out completely. The human body produces an average of 5 to 10 ounces of basal tears each day. They drain through the nasal cavity, which is the reason so many of us develop runny noses after a good sobfest.
• The second type is reflex tears, which serve to protect the human eye from harsh irritants such as smoke, onions or even a very strong, dusty wind. To accomplish this feat, the sensory nerves in your cornea communicate this irritation to your brain stem, which in turn sends hormones to the glands in the eyelids. These hormones cause the eyes to produce tears, effectively ridding them of the irritating substance.
• The third type of tears is emotional tears. It all starts in the cerebrum where sadness is registered. The endocrine system is then triggered to release hormones to the ocular area, which then causes tears to form. Emotional tears are common among people who see Bambi's mother die or who suffer personal losses.

The phrase "having a good cry" suggests that crying can actually make you feel physically and emotionally better, which many people believe. Some scientists agree with this theory, asserting that chemicals build up in the body during times of elevated stress. These researchers believe that emotional crying is the body's way of ridding itself of these toxins and waste products.

• In fact, one study collected both reflex tears and emotional tears (after peeling an onion and watching a sad movie, respectively). When scientists analyzed the content of the tears, they found each type was very different. Reflex tears are generally found to be about 98 percent water, whereas several chemicals are commonly present in emotional tears. First is a protein called prolactin, which is also known to control breast milk production. Adrenocorticotropic hormones are also common and indicate high stress levels. The other chemical found in emotional tears is leucine-enkephalin, an endorphin that reduces pain and works to improve mood. Of course, many scientists point out that research in this area is very limited and should be further studied before any conclusion can be made.

Source: http://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/human-nature/other-emotions/crying1.htm

What Causes Headaches

Trigger Category	Potential Trigger Examples
Diet	Skipping meals Fasting Specific foods Food preservatives (e.g., nitrates, MSG) Alcohol and red wine Coffee, tea, and cola Artificial sweeteners Excess sugar
Sleep	Changes in sleep patterns Oversleeping Sleeping too little Napping
Hormonal changes	Menstrual cycle
Weather	Weather and temperature changes Barometric pressure changes
Lighting	Bright or glaring lights Flashing lights or screens
Odors and pollution	Smoke or smog Chemical odors Perfumes and fragrances
Stress and emotions	High or accumulated stress Anxiety, depression, or grief Stress letdown on weekends, vacation, or after ending a stressful project
Physical factors	Physical overexertion Exercising in the heat Becoming overtired Eyestrain

Certain triggers may increase your risk of a migraine attack. While triggers do not directly cause migraines, they are thought to activate abnormal brain activity in people who are prone to get migraine headaches.


http://www.excedrin.com/migraine/what-is-a-migraine/triggers.shtml?utm_source=Google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_term=causes%252Bof%252Bmigraines&utm_campaign=Novartis_Excedrin_Migraine_%252BConditions&gclid=CNP7-IWHlqwCFawZQgodDlhV-Q


Whitney Haecker p.6

Questions for the week of Oct 31

Hey!

Way to go on the first week of the blog. Here are this week's questions. Remember: No Wiki, Yahoo Answers, Ask.com, etc. You must provide the source. Only 1 person can answer each question for points. 1 Question per week.











1. What causes melanomas to turn black?
2. Do steroids build chondrocytes?
3. What causes a headache?
4. Why doesn't red and yellow marrow mix?
5. What causes tears?

bones cracking from screws

I found that bone cracking can happen between screw holes but it is not very common. So I guess it is just like someone who works with wood once they get good enough it shouldn't crack because they know what they are doing. I also found that the screw type can effect it. I found this at ota.org

Cool Memory Game

The Stratum Corneum

The Stratum Corneum (SC) is the top layer of the epidermis, it has an average thickness of .01 - .02mm. (10 - 20um)

Following a 14-day cycle, cells from
lower epidermal layers flatten, rise and fill with the
protein keratin to form SC. While a cross-section of
the SC reveals inter-digitated cell layers surrounded
by a lipid lamellar matrix, similar to bricks and mortar,
a top-view reveals complete surface coverage
resembling a soccer ball. Keratin, the main component
of SC, is the same metabolically inactive protein in
hair and fingernails, making it easy to study in vitro.

Src: Mechanical Properties of Human Stratum Corneum:
Influence of pH-Treatment
Rena Rudavsky, Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University


View Article

tanning

Question- What causes people to tan better?

Melanin is the body's way of protecting skin from burning. Darker-skinned people tan more deeply than lighter-skinned people because their melanocytes produce more melanin. But just because a person doesn't burn does not mean that he or she is also protected against skin cancer and other problems.

Information from teens health at

http://kidshealth.org/teen/safety/safebasics/tanning.html

Question 5

The human body is 61.8 percent water by weight.

Science Fact Finder

October

Hey!

Here's this new blog thing. Let's try it...maybe we'll like it. Here's how it works.

Answer the question in a New Post. Don't make a comment to this page. You must provide the source of your answer. Wikipedia, Ask.com, Yahoo answers (and there will probably be another few added to this list) DON'T COUNT!

First person to answer correctly gets 5 points (maybe 10). You can only answer 1 question per week.

Questions for the week..

1. How thick is the Stratum Cornneum?
2. Why doesn't bone crack when you put a screw in it?
3. What causes people to tan better?
4. Why do scars hurt?
5. What percent of our weight is water?

Good luck!